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If all oil refineries in the world stopped operating for 30 days, would cars, planes, ships, chemical plants and the entire global economy fall into an unprecedented state of paralysis?
On June 17, 2026, the international petroleum engineering community continued to widely share simulation diagrams of the crude oil fractional distillation process at modern oil refineries. This image shows a truth that many people do not realize, crude oil is almost impossible to use directly but must go through a heating process, separating into many different segments according to boiling temperature to create products for daily life.
From the motorbike running on the street, the phone in your hand, the plastic bottle in the supermarket to commercial aircraft and giant container ships, all have direct or indirect contact with the petrochemical industry.
OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION TOWER
Crude oil is heated to very high temperatures in a heating furnace before entering the distillation column.
Fishc light molecules will evaporate and go upward.
Heavier molecules will condense in lower levels.
As a result, one barrel of crude oil can produce many different products.
Segment Condensing temperature
LPG Below 40°C
Naphtha 70 - 100°C
Gasoline 40 - 150°C
Kerosene 150 - 250°C
Diesel 250 - 350°C
Heavy Gas Oil 330 - 450°C
Bitumen oil residue Above 450°C
WHERE DOES EVERY DROP OF CRUDE OIL GO?
Products Main Applications
LPG Gas for civil use, industrial fuel
Naphtha Petrochemical, plastic production
Gasoline for cars and motorbikes
Kerosene Jet fuel
Diesel Trucks, passenger cars, construction machinery
Heavy Fuel Oil Ships, heavy industry
Bitumen Asphalt for construction
It is worth noting that the economic value of crude oil does not lie in crude oil itself but in its ability to be converted into dozens of different products.
THE VALUE OF A BARRE OF CRUDE OIL
Suppose Brent oil price is about 95 USD/barrel, equivalent to about 2,470,000 VND/barrel.
Once processed, one barrel of oil can be produced
Product Average output
Gasoline About 45%
Diesel About 30%
Aviation fuel About 10%
LPG About 5%
Petrochemicals and other products About 10%
Therefore, the oil refining industry is considered a strategic link in the global energy chain.
WHY DIESEL IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN MANY PEOPLE THINK?
When it comes to oil, most people think of gasoline for cars.
However, in reality, diesel is the "blood" of the economy.
Diesel Dependent Sector
Transport truck Very high
Seaport container truck Very high
Excavators, excavators Very high
High industrial generator
Mechanized agriculture High
Mining Very High
If diesel sources are interrupted, the commodity supply chain could be affected in just a few days.
FROM ASSUMING TO SMART PHONES
Interestingly, not all crude oil becomes fuel.
Naphtha fraction is an important raw material for the petrochemical industry.
From Naphtha, factories can produce
✔ PET plastic
✔ Food packaging
✔ Polyester fiber
✔ Electronic components
✔ Smartphone case
✔ Medical equipment
✔ Industrial paint
✔ Synthetic rubber
In other words, modern life is almost inseparable from products derived from petroleum.
WHICH OIL REFINERY IS PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN VIETNAM?
Currently, Vietnam has two large oil refining centers including:
Factory Design capacity
Dung Quat About 148,000 barrels/day
Nghi Son About 200,000 barrels/day
These two facilities are providing the majority of domestic petroleum demand, contributing to inflationm depends on imported fuel products.
THE BIGGER PICTURE OF THE ENERGY MARKET
Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, the Hormuz region or incidents at major oil refineries in the world often directly impact global energy prices.
That happens because the market cares not only about the amount of crude oil exploited but also about refining capacity.
There is oil but without refining capacity, gasoline, diesel and jet fuel may still be in short supply.
That's why big countries like the US, China, Saudi Arabia, India or South Korea always invest tens of billions of dollars in modern petrochemical refining systems.
A barrel of crude oil is more than just fuel. It is the source of transportation, chemicals, construction materials, aviation, logistics and thousands of essential products present in everyday life.
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