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If a drill bit is deviated by just a few meters at a depth of thousands of meters under the seabed, can hundreds of billions of investment dollars disappear after just a few hours of operation?
At 14:12 on June 17, 2026, the international petroleum engineering community continued to widely share a model illustrating the offshore oil and gas exploitation process, showing the extremely complex journey from the drilling rig floating on the sea surface to the oil and gas reservoirs located thousands of meters below the ocean floor.
Many people often think that oil and gas are drawn directly from the seabed. In fact, that journey must go through many different geological layers, requiring almost absolute precision drilling techniques.
Offshore oil and gas drilling process
Phase Description
Lowering the drill rod Bring the drill string from the rig to the seabed
Through underground wellhead Connecting the system to the seabed
Drilling through strata Goes through many layers of sedimentary rock
Reaching the reservoir Reaching the oil and gas accumulation area
Completing the well Installing long-term exploitation equipment
Structure from the sea surface to the oil and gas reservoir
Component Function
TrussOffshore drilling Control and operation center
Sea water column The area from the water surface to the sea bottom
Underground wellhead The connection point between the well and the production system
Shale Prevents fluid movement
Sandstone Stores oil, gas and water
Limestone May contain oil and gas in fractures
Barrier rocks keep oil and gas from escaping upward
Petroleum reservoir A place where hydrocarbons accumulate
Typical depth model
Sea surface 0 m
Water column 500 - 3,000 m
Seabed 500 - 3,000 m
Drilling stratigraphy 1,000 - 6,000 m
Oil and gas reservoir 2,000 - 8,000 m
Average investment cost
Category Estimated Cost
Offshore exploration drilling from 615 billion VND to more than 3,690 billion VND
Jack-up drilling rigs from 2,460 billion VND to more than 12,300 billion VND
Deep water drilling rig worth over 24,600 billion VND
Large offshore mine project worth tens of trillions of VND
What makes the offshore oil and gas industry one of the world's most high-tech sectors is the simultaneous combination of geology, mechanics, automation, subsea robotics, artificial intelligence, stratigraphic simulation and industrial safety systems.
A modern well may have to penetrate many layers of rock formed tens to hundreds of millions of years ago before reaching the earth.A real pocket of oil and gas. Geologists and drilling engineers must continuously analyze pressure data, temperature data, rock samples and geophysical signals to ensure the drill bit is on target.
Some world-famous offshore drilling areas
National Area
US Gulf of Mexico
Norwegian North Sea, UK
Brazilian Santos salt money
Persian Gulf Saudi Arabia, UAE
White Tiger Vietnam
Vietnamese Black Lion
Vietnamese Blue Whale
In Vietnam, mines such as Bach Ho, Rong, Su Tu Den, and Su Tu Vang have demonstrated the huge potential of offshore mining activities, contributing billions of dollars in revenue and budget revenue for decades.
Interestingly, much of today's modern production system is located on the seabed, where humans are almost inaccessible directly. Many devices must operate continuously for 20 to 30 years under extremely high pressure and strongly corrosive seawater environments while still ensuring absolute safety.
Offshore oil and gas is not only a story of resource exploitation but also a technological conquest in the deepest seas on the planet, where every meter of drilling is the result of thousands of hours of research and billions of dollars of investment.
Please join the discussion with the petroleum engineering community at https://forum.congnghedaukhi.com
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